Mantle cell lymphoma is a subtype of B-cell or B-lymphocyte lymphoma categorized as non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This type of lymphoma is due to a malignant transformation of B cells. These B cells are part of the immune system and are responsible for destroying microorganisms that invade the body. The disease got its name from the malignant B cells that are often found in the mantle zone of the lymph node. Under morphological studies, this would present as a non-aggressive type of lymphoma. However, mantle cell lymphoma is an aggressive type of B-cell lymphoma, and the malignancy can spread rapidly throughout the body.
Mantle cell lymphoma is a rare type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Comprising about 7% of patients belonging to this category, it is commonly found in age groups above 60 years. This type of lymphoma is manifested by swollen and tender lymph nodes located in the throat and may affect other nodes, such as those near the clavicle, armpits, chest, and groin. Malignant cells can also metastasize to the spleen and liver, giving the sensation of a full and distended abdomen. Fatigue in this condition due to anemia due to involvement of the spleen and bone marrow may also be seen, as well as unexplained fever and weight loss. Gastric symptoms such as nausea and vomiting may also be observed.
Treatment for mantle cell lymphoma is given based on the current stage of malignancy and metastasis. Rituximab is used to help the immune system find and destroy malignant cells, with the help of interferon, which is given to boost the immune system. R-CHOP in combination with Rituximab and a steroid is commonly given as a form of chemotherapy that aims to kill cancer cells. In phase I and II it is treated with local radiotherapy with or without the help of chemotherapeutic agents. To help the body recover, stem cell therapy, such as bone marrow transplantation, is done as an aggressive form of treatment when the disease is in an advanced stage.
Research is still being done on ways to treat MCL without too many side effects. The MCL Consortium is a group of physicians dedicated to fighting this disease. His website has mantle cell lymphoma resources for researchers and patients designed to help people understand this malignancy, as well as bring patients and survivors together to form a support group.